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Aluminium oxide is a white crystalline solid with high boiling and melting points. It has a number of uses including in body armour, electrical insulators and gemstones.
It is found naturally in corundum. It has a hexagonal crystalline structure. In a hcp lattice, trivalent aluminum cations occupy two thirds of the octahedral sites, while oxygen anions O2- occupy the remaining half of the octahedral interstices.
The alpha phase of aluminium oxide is hexagonal. In this phase, distorted edge and corner sharing OAl4 trigonal pyramids form. Aluminum oxide is a useful element in the formation of rubies and sapphires.
Although it is insoluble in water, aluminium oxide has good thermal resistance. This property is important in ceramic materials, and it is also used in spark plug insulators.
Aluminum oxide is found in different crystalline forms, with the most common being corundum. Corundum is a naturally occurring crystalline form of aluminium oxide.
It is one of the best materials for cutting tools, and it is suitable for abrasive use. Because of its strong ionic and covalent chemical bonds, it is highly resistant to inorganic acids.
Aluminium oxide is used in the manufacturing of metallic aluminium, and it serves as catalyst support for a number of industrial catalysts. It is used as a refractory material in furnaces and in insulating heatsinks. It is also used as a substrate for micro-electrical substrates.
Several aluminium oxides are known to occur in nature, but alumina is the most widely utilized. It is the preferred material for prosthetic eye substitutes, and it is also widely used in medical applications.
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