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Aluminium oxide is a mineral with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is found naturally as various minerals such as bauxite and corundum, as well as being produced industrially using the Bayer process. It is an amphoteric compound that can react with both acids and bases, such as hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide.
When aluminium oxide combines with oxygen, it forms the insoluble basic aluminium hydroxy sulfate Alx(SO4)y(OH)2. This compound can also be formed when aluminum is exposed to dilute sulfurous acid or chlorine gas.
The structure of aluminium oxide is based on close packing of oxygen ions. The aluminium atoms have a complete 3s subshell in their grounded state, so they generally lose 2 of the electrons to form an aluminium(3+) ion. The oxygens, on the other hand, have 6 valence electrons and are only two electrons away from a noble gas configuration. They can therefore accept 2 electrons to form the -ve aluminium oxide (Al2O3) anion.
Aluminium oxide is a very common and well known substance that can be found in a variety of items and in many industrial processes. It has many different applications due to its high thermal conductivity, strength, and hardness. It is also very light in weight, which makes it a good material for use in the manufacture of protective equipment such as body armour and bulletproof windows. Aluminium oxide is also used in a variety of industries and commercial processes, including the manufacturing of refractory products, ceramics, and paints. It is also used in the production of chemicals such as magnesium carbonate and barium carbonate. Short-term exposure to high concentrations of powdered or fumes of aluminium can cause lung irritation and dermatitis.
